ACE Health Coach Certification Practice Test

Which hormone is involved with long-term control of energy intake; produced by the pancreatic beta-cells?

1. Insulin

2. Leptin

3. Cholecystokinin

4. Ghrelin

The correct answer is: Insulin

Insulin plays a crucial role in the long-term regulation of energy intake and metabolism. It is produced by the beta-cells of the pancreas in response to elevated blood glucose levels, particularly after consuming meals. Insulin not only helps to lower blood glucose by promoting its uptake into cells but also influences appetite by acting on the brain. One of insulin's significant functions is to signal the body to store energy in the form of glycogen in the liver and muscle and fat in adipose tissue. This process ensures that the body has a reserve of energy when food intake is low. Additionally, insulin interacts with pathways in the brain that regulate hunger and satiety, contributing to the long-term control of energy intake by helping to decrease food consumption when energy stores are adequate. In contrast, other hormones like leptin are also involved in the regulation of energy balance but are primarily linked to body fat levels rather than directly produced in the pancreas. Cholecystokinin is involved in short-term satiety signals following a meal, and ghrelin is known for stimulating appetite rather than regulating long-term energy intake. Thus, the unique role of insulin in storing energy and modulating appetite makes it the correct choice for this question.